FELIPE II
BIOGRAFHY
Felipe II of Spain, called "El Prudente"
(Valladolid, May 21, 1527-San Lorenzo de El Escorial, September 13, 1598), was
King of Spain from January 15, 1556 until his death
INTERNAL POLITIC
In 1567 Pedro de Deza, president of the Royal Chancellery
of Granada, proclaimed the Pragmatic under the order of Felipe II. The edict
limited the religious, linguistic and cultural freedoms of the Moorish
population. This caused a rebellion of the Moors of the Alpujarras that Juan de
Austria reduced militarily. Antonio Pérez, Aragonese, was the king's secretary
until 1579. He was arrested for the murder of Juan de Escobedo, Don Juan de
Austria's henchman, and for Abusing royal trust by conspiring against the king.
Felipe II, like his predecessor, was an authoritarian king, he continued with
the institutions inherited from Charles I, and with the same structure of his
empire and autonomy of its components. But he ruled as a national king, Spain
and especially Castile were the center of the empire
EXTERNAL POLITIC
Felipe II maintained the wars with France, for the
French support to the Flemish rebels, obtaining a great victory in the battle
of San Quentin, fought on August 10, 1557, feast of San Lorenzo, in memory of
which he had the monastery built from El Escorial, a building with a
grid-shaped plan that symbolizes the martyrdom of the saint (1563-1584). In
this monumental and sober palace, the largest of its time - already called then
the eighth wonder of the world - specifically in the Royal Crypt, almost all
the Spanish kings and their closest family members have been buried since then.
Added to this victory against the
French was a decisive later triumph at the Battle of
Gravelinas in 1558.
As a consequence of these sudden Spanish successes,
the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis of 1559 was signed.
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